Understanding FASD

Education and awareness are the first steps toward prevention and support

What is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)?

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term describing the range of effects that can occur in an individual who was exposed to alcohol before birth. These effects may include physical, mental, behavioral, and learning disabilities with possible lifelong implications.

FASD is the leading known cause of preventable developmental disability in Canada. It affects an estimated 4% of the population, though many cases remain undiagnosed. The spectrum nature of the disorder means that no two individuals with FASD are exactly alike—each person's challenges and strengths are unique.

FASD Awareness

Important Facts About FASD

  • FASD is 100% preventable by avoiding alcohol during pregnancy
  • There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy
  • There is no safe time during pregnancy to drink alcohol
  • All types of alcohol (beer, wine, spirits) can cause harm
  • FASD is a lifelong condition, but with proper support, individuals can thrive

Causes and Prevention

How FASD Occurs

FASD occurs when a developing fetus is exposed to alcohol through the mother's bloodstream during pregnancy. Alcohol interferes with the delivery of oxygen and optimal nutrition to the developing baby, which can cause permanent damage to the brain and other organs.

The brain is particularly vulnerable to alcohol exposure throughout all stages of pregnancy. Even small amounts of alcohol can disrupt brain development, affecting areas responsible for memory, attention, emotional regulation, and decision-making.

100% Prevention

FASD is completely preventable. The most effective way to prevent FASD is to avoid alcohol entirely during pregnancy and while trying to conceive. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant:

Do

  • Choose alcohol-free beverages
  • Talk to your healthcare provider about alcohol use
  • Seek support if you're struggling with alcohol use
  • Educate yourself about FASD
  • Support others in making healthy choices

Avoid

  • All alcoholic beverages during pregnancy
  • Alcohol while trying to conceive
  • Judging others for past alcohol use
  • Assuming "a little bit" is safe
  • Drinking if there's any chance you might be pregnant

Signs and Symptoms of FASD

FASD affects each individual differently. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include physical, cognitive, behavioral, and social challenges.

Physical Characteristics

  • Distinctive facial features (smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small eye openings)
  • Small head size
  • Below-average height and weight
  • Vision or hearing problems
  • Heart, kidney, or bone problems

Brain and Central Nervous System Effects

  • Intellectual disabilities or learning difficulties
  • Poor memory and attention span
  • Difficulty with executive functioning (planning, organizing)
  • Poor impulse control and judgment
  • Hyperactivity
  • Difficulty understanding consequences

Behavioral and Social Challenges

  • Difficulty in school
  • Trouble getting along with others
  • Poor social skills
  • Difficulty adapting to change
  • Mental health issues (anxiety, depression)
  • Substance use problems
FASD Support

Diagnosis and Assessment

Early diagnosis is crucial for accessing appropriate support and interventions. In Canada, FASD diagnosis follows specific guidelines established by the Canadian FASD Diagnostic Guidelines.

The Diagnostic Process

Diagnosis typically involves a multidisciplinary team of professionals, including:

  • Physicians or pediatricians
  • Psychologists
  • Speech-language pathologists
  • Occupational therapists
  • Social workers

The assessment examines multiple areas including physical features, brain function, prenatal alcohol exposure history, and adaptive functioning.

Why Diagnosis Matters

A formal diagnosis helps individuals and families:

  • Understand the challenges they face
  • Access appropriate services and support
  • Develop effective intervention strategies
  • Advocate for accommodations in school and work
  • Connect with community resources

Living with FASD

While FASD is a lifelong condition, individuals can lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support, understanding, and accommodations.

Strengths and Abilities

People with FASD often have many strengths, including:

  • Friendly and outgoing personalities
  • Artistic and creative talents
  • Strong verbal skills
  • Determination and persistence
  • Kindness and empathy

Effective Support Strategies

At Home

  • Establish consistent routines
  • Use visual aids and reminders
  • Provide clear, concrete instructions
  • Create a structured environment
  • Celebrate successes

At School

  • Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)
  • Smaller class sizes or one-on-one support
  • Extra time for tasks and tests
  • Repetition and hands-on learning
  • Positive behavioral supports
FASD Support Strategies

Myths vs. Facts About FASD

Dispelling common misconceptions

MYTH

"A glass of wine during pregnancy is fine."

FACT

There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. Even small amounts can cause harm.

MYTH

"FASD only affects children."

FACT

FASD is a lifelong condition. Adults with FASD continue to need support and understanding.

MYTH

"People with FASD can't learn or succeed."

FACT

With proper support and accommodations, individuals with FASD can thrive and achieve their goals.

Learn More and Get Involved

Explore our resources or join us in raising awareness about FASD prevention and support.

Access Resources Our Programs Get Involved